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Setup OpenWRT with WireGuard VPN on a Raspberry Pi 4

This will guide you through the setup of OpenWRT on a Raspberry Pi 4.

Install and Setup OpenWRT

Download software from https://openwrt.org/toh/raspberry_pi_foundation/raspberry_pi
- Model: Raspberry Pi 4
- Version: B
- For the above:
Use balenaEtcher or other favorite tool to write OpenWRT onto SD card.
See webpage info below for optional step of resizing the default partition.
Put SD card in Pi, connect ethernet and power on.
go to http://192.168.1.1 and login using 'root' and 'openwrt' as default login.
set a new password by following the prompts.
From the top menu, click on Network and choose Wireless.
Click Remove next to the existing wireless config and then Save & Apply.
Click Scan to search for available networks, find your and click Join Selected.
Enter your WiFi password in the WPA passphrase box and click Submit and then Save.
Click Save & Apply to connect to your WiFi.
You now have a WAN connection on the internal WiFi adapter and a LAN connection on the LAN port.
Now add USB WiFi card as radio1 for our WiFi access point for clients to connect to.
The Wifi card I have from a previous nonWifi Pi bundle seems compatable and may not require any extra install steps. See link below for more info if it does.
From the top menu, click on the Network tab and choose Wireless.
If you see radio1, you are all good with the installation of the second WiFi adapter.
Turn on the device and boot from USB to load installer.
login as 'installer' with password 'opnsense'
select keyboard layout, Install (UFS), select harddrive, ok on swap, change password, reboot without USB plugged in.

Link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_IzyJTcnPu8

Connect

plug into the LAN port (see below note for the FW4C) and navigate to 192.168.1.1
- NOTE: OPNsense defines ports right to left as LAN, WAN but the Protectli FW4C labels them right to left as WAN, LAN. So you'll have to plug into the WAN port for this initial login and we will switch the ports in software so that the labels are matched up.
log in using 'root' and the password you set during install
go to Interfaces / Assignments and swap the LAN and WAN ports if needed (see above note)
- once this step is complete, you'll need to plug the wire into the new LAN port and re-login

Setup

go to Interfaces / LAN
- make sure it is enabled and locked
- config type Static IPv4
- set IPv4 address to your desire (10.23.79.1/24 for me)
- upstream gateway is auto-detect
- Save/Apply
go to Interfaces / WAN
- make sure it is enabled and locked
- block private and bogon networks
- config type DHCP (for CenturyLink at least)
- Save/Apply

Setting up with CenturyLink Quantum Fiber

This service provider requires traffic from the ONT to go to a router set to VLAN 201
go to Interfaces / Other Types / VLAN
create new by clicking on the “+”
- Device: vlan01
- Parent: igc0 (the address of the WAN port)
- VLAN tag: 201
- VLAN priority: Best Effort
- Description: Internet
- Save
go to Interfaces / Assignments
- change WAN to the new vlan01 that you just created
- Save/Apply/Reboot(?)
Plug line from internet into WAN port.

Firewall/NAT

Port Forwarding

go to Firewall / NAT / Port Forward
create new rule by clicking on the “+”
- Interface: WAN
- Protocol: TCP
- Source Advanced should all be “any”
- Destination: WAN address
- Destination port range: select outside port (example: 80 or 443)
- Redirect target IP: Single host or Network / internal IP address of the server (10.23.79.4)
- Redirect target port: (other) / internal server port (example: 180 or 1443)
- Description: whatever
- NAT reflection: Enabled
- Filter rule association: Add associated filter rule
- Save/Apply

repeat for other forwarded ports

Port Forwarding rules if unraid/ Nginx:

80      Both  10.23.79.X  180   HTTP tomcat
443     Both  10.23.79.X  1443  HTTPS tomcat
22      Both  10.23.79.X        SSH brimble

Port Forwarding rules if standalone:

80      Both  10.23.79.X  HTTP tomcat
443     Both  10.23.79.X  HTTPS
22      Both  10.23.79.X  SSH brimble
32400   Both  10.23.79.X  Plex

Hairpin NAT:
- go to Firewall / Settings / Advanced
- Check “Automatic outbound NAT for Reflection”
- Save / Apply

Wireguard VPN

Create Instance and Peers

go to System / Firmware / Plugins and install os-wireguard
go to VPN / WireGuard / Settings / Instances
create new instance by clicking on the “+”
- Enabled: check
- Name: WG1
- click the gear to create a Public/Private key pair
  - we will call this public key “MAINPUBLIC” for rest of tutorial
- Listen port: 51820
- Tunnel address: pick a subnet not used elsewhere (10.23.0.1/24)
- Save/Apply
go to VPN / WireGuard / Settings / General and enable WireGuard
go to VPN / WireGuard / Settings / Peers
create new peer by clicking on the “+”
- Enabled: check
- Name: iPhone / Macbook / whatever
- Public key: PEERPUBLIC (put in the key created when you setup the client… see below)
- Allowed IPs: something on the subnet configured above (10.23.0.11/32)
- Instances: select above instance (WG1)
- Save/Apply
go to VPN / WireGuard / Settings / Instances / Edit WG1
- Add Peers into Peers drop down
- Save/Apply
go to Lobby / Dashboard and restart wireguard

Create interface

go to Interfaces / Assignments
in the drop down under new interface, select the WireGuard instance (wg1)
- Enable: check
- Description: WG1
- Save/Apply
go to Interfaces / WG1
- Enable: check
- Description: WG1
- Save/Apply

Create VPN Firewall rules

go to Firewall / Rules / WAN
create new rule by clicking on the “+”
- Action: Pass
- Quick: check
- Interface: WAN
- Direction: in
- TCP/IP Version: IPv4
- Protocol: UDP
- Source Invert: unchecked
- Source: any
- Destination Invert: unchecked
- Destination: WAN address
- Destination port range: from (other) 51820 to (other) 51820
- Description: allow wireguard inbound
- Save/Apply
go to Firewall / Rules / [Name of interface assigned above (WG1)]
create new rule by clicking on the “+”
- Action: Pass
- Quick: check
- Interface: WG1
- Direction: in
- TCP/IP Version: IPv4
- Protocol: any
- Source Invert: unchecked
- Source [Name of interface assigned above NET (WG1 net)]
- Destination Invert: unchecked
- Destination: any
- Destination port range: any
- Save/Apply

Setup Clients

This will differ based on device… principal is the same.
iPhone
- Download WireGuard from app store
- create new
  - Name: brimble.com
  - Generate keypair
    - This public key (PEERPUBLIC) will go in VPN / WireGuard / Settings / Peers / Public key box
  - Addresses: This will be whatever you put in the Allowed IPs box of VPN / WireGuard / Settings / Peers (10.23.0.11/32)
  - Listen port: Automatic
  - MTU: Automatic
  - DNS servers: 8.8.8.8, 8.8.4.4
  - click Add peer
  - Public key: MAINPUBLIC this will be in VPN / WireGuard / Settings / Instances / Public key box
  - Preshared key: blank
  - Endpoint: the address and port of your server (brimble.com:51820)
  - Allowed IPs: 0.0.0.0/0
  - Save

macbook

Downlaod WireGuard from app store

create new

Name: brimble.com
This public key (PEERPUBLIC) will go in VPN / WireGuard / Settings / Peers / Public key box

[Interface]
PrivateKey = whatever is there
Address = This will be whatever you put in the Allowed IPs box of VPN / WireGuard / Settings / Peers (10.23.0.11/32)
DNS = 8.8.8.8, 8.8.4.4

[Peer]
PublicKey = MAINPUBLIC this will be in VPN / WireGuard / Settings / Instances / Public key box
AllowedIPs = 0.0.0.0/0
Endpoint = the address and port of your server (brimble.com:51820)

Save

Link: https://docs.opnsense.org/manual/how-tos/wireguard-client.html

NAT for online gaming

go to Firewall / Aliases
- create new alias by clicking on the “+”
- Enabled: check
- Name: NintendoSwitch
- Type: Host(s)
- Content: IP address of Switch
- Save/Apply
go to Firewall / NAT / Outbound
- change mode to Hybrid so you can add manual rule
- create new rule by clicking on the “+”
- Interface: WAN
- Protocol: any
- Source address: NintendoSwitch
- Static-port: check
- Give it a description
- Save/Apply

Link: https://tyzbit.blog/getting-a-b-nat-type-on-the-nintendo-switch-using-opnsense

Services

DHCPv4

Range Start 10.23.79.100
Range Stop 10.23.79.245
Save Apply

Static MAC/IP Mapping

brimNAS          10.23.79.4
BrimUpstairsAP   10.23.79.5
BrimDownstairsAP 10.23.79.6

DNS (System / Settings / General
- 10.23.79.1 to use ISPs
- 10.23.79.3 if using PiHole
- 8.8.8.8 / 8.8.4.4 (or others) if hardcoding
Dynamic DNS
- go to System / Firmware / Plugins and download os-ddclient
- go to Services / Dynamic DNS / Settings
  - add new one by clicking on the “+”
  - Enabled
  - Service : easyDNS
  - Username : easyDNS username
  - Password : easyDNS token (not password). Token can be gotten from website
  - Hostnames: brimble.com
  - Check ip method: dyndns
  - Interface to monitor: WAN
  - Check ip timeout: 10
  - Force SSL: checked
  - Save/Apply

brimble.com

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